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  • short circuit
    short circuit
    noun
    an abnormal, usually unintentional condition of relatively low resistance between two points of different potential in a circuit, usually resulting in a flow of excess current.
  • short-circuit
    short-circuit
    verb (used with object)
Synonyms

short circuit

1 American  

noun

Electricity.
  1. Also called short.  an abnormal, usually unintentional condition of relatively low resistance between two points of different potential in a circuit, usually resulting in a flow of excess current.


short-circuit 2 American  
[shawrt-sur-kit] / ˌʃɔrtˈsɜr kɪt /

verb (used with object)

short-circuits, present (3rd person singular) short-circuited, past participle, past short-circuiting present participle
  1. Electricity.

    1. to make (an appliance, switch, etc.) inoperable by establishing a short circuit in.

    2. to carry (a current) as a short circuit.

  2. to bypass, impede, hinder, or frustrate.

    Bad weather short-circuited my vacation plans.


verb (used without object)

short-circuits, present (3rd person singular) short-circuited, past participle, past short-circuiting present participle
  1. Electricity. to form a short circuit or become inoperable due to a short circuit.

short circuit British  

noun

  1. a faulty or accidental connection between two points of different potential in an electric circuit, bypassing the load and establishing a path of low resistance through which an excessive current can flow. It can cause damage to the components if the circuit is not protected by a fuse

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

verb

  1. to develop or cause to develop a short circuit

  2. (tr) to bypass (a procedure, regulation, etc)

  3. (tr) to hinder or frustrate (plans, etc)

"Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged" 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
short circuit Scientific  
/ shôrt /
  1. An electrical path in a circuit that causes most of the current to flow around or away from some other path in the circuit. Accidental short circuits, especially between the high and low voltages of a power supply, can cause very strong current to flow, possibly damaging or overheating the circuit.


short circuit Cultural  
  1. An electrical circuit in which a path of very low resistance has been opened, usually accidentally. When the resistance drops, the electric current (see also current) in the circuit becomes very high and can cause damage to the circuit and start fires.


Other Word Forms

Inflected Forms

Participles

Conjugated Forms

Present

Past

Future

Etymology

Origin of short circuit1

First recorded in 1875–80

Origin of short-circuit2

First recorded in 1870–75

Example Sentences

Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.

See Examples For:

Adams pointed to social media platforms like X as evidence that machines “can easily short circuit our sense of human accountability and responsibility.”

From Salon Mar. 30, 2026

Local broadcaster NDTV, citing unnamed police officials, said that a short circuit may have sparked the fire.

From Barron's Oct. 14, 2025

I could still hear the words, feel the numbness settle in, like a short circuit in my brain.

From Los Angeles Times Mar. 14, 2025

Reflecting on his use of the internet, Burton said: "I get depressed very quickly, maybe more quickly than other people. But it doesn't take me much to start to click and start to short circuit."

From BBC Oct. 24, 2024

Something had gone wrong in the electrical system of the command module, resulting in a short circuit.

From "Flying to the Moon: An Astronaut's Story" by Michael Collins

So a lot of people think bubbles are an ideological thing, instead of a material thing with reasons and motives that are totally rational — and that we can short-circuit.

From Salon Jun. 22, 2026

Pupils attempt to short-circuit the devices by breaking off charging pins or jamming metal items into power ports, causing them to overheat and, in some cases, going on fire.

From BBC Apr. 13, 2026

The submarine vanished on November 15, 2017 after reporting that seawater had entered the ventilation system, causing a battery on the vessel to short-circuit and start a fire.

From Barron's Mar. 4, 2026

If Seth wanted a fast decision—to short-circuit the deliberative process through which the company made most decisions—we wanted to hear the cast read the script.

From The Wall Street Journal Feb. 19, 2026

The scientists urged the committee not to short-circuit testing that could make nuclear weapons more moral.

From "Big Science" by Michael Hiltzik

Her faith is no facade, and it short-circuits the sort of subtextual psychological approach we might expect in a more typical bio-drama.

From The Wall Street Journal Dec. 24, 2025

This can be triggered by events from short-circuits to physical damage and manufacturing defects, and which allows heat-producing chemical reactions to start within the battery.

From BBC Sep. 10, 2025

Beyond that, the decision short-circuits the careful development of the law of PLCAA.

From Slate Jun. 6, 2025

This effectively short-circuits brain electrical activity and compromises function.

From Salon Mar. 12, 2024

To start them Mr. Tesla short-circuits the synchronizing motor by a switch P', throwing the whole current through the torque motor.

From The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting by Martin, Thomas Commerford

That process normally requires an investigation, but can be short-circuited where there are serious harms, risks to children, and histories of non-compliance.

From BBC Jan. 9, 2026

But I was like this person who was short-circuited and I didn’t know how to fix myself.”

From MarketWatch Jan. 8, 2026

But on the Italians’ opening night, the torrents of rain short-circuited TV monitors and panelists struggled to give their presentations.

From The Wall Street Journal Nov. 21, 2025

"Maybe it's the failure of Oslo that gave rise to the rather unconventional approach that Trump has taken, where he has short-circuited any sort of process and simply pressured and cajoled," Yacoubian said.

From Barron's Oct. 14, 2025

Then I think about how many humans might have wandered in with the same intentions, and I realize that my brain short-circuited and kicked out the wrong image.

From "Dry" by Neal Shusterman and Jarrod Shusterman

Apple shares had their worst day in more than a year Thursday after it announced big price increases, short-circuiting a tech rally sparked by memory maker Micron’s solid results.

From The Wall Street Journal Jun. 26, 2026

She’s the film’s sole draw, but Thatcher's expertise can’t save it from short-circuiting in the end.

From Salon Jan. 31, 2025

Marsha Hunt appeared in more than 50 films before being accused of communist sympathies, short-circuiting her career.

From Los Angeles Times Jan. 11, 2024

By short-circuiting this process SAP05 provides a new way of carrying out the essential task of protein degradation which serves its own parasitic purpose and is completely independent of ubiquitin.

From Science Daily Dec. 5, 2023

That odd, crackling noise you hear is the sound of a sentence short-circuiting!

From "Woe Is I" by Patricia T. O'Conner

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