firman

American  

[fur-muhn, fer-mahn] / ˈfɜr mən, fərˈmɑn /

noun

• firmans
  plural

1. an edict or administrative order issued by or in the name of a Middle Eastern sovereign (formerly by an Ottoman Turkish sultan).

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firman British  

/ fɜːˈmɑːn, ˈfɜː- /

noun

1. an edict of an Oriental sovereign

2. any authoritative grant of permission

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Other Word Forms

Noun Inflected Forms

• firmans
  plural

Etymology

Origin of firman

1610–20; < Turkish ferman < Persian farmān

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

firman firmans

A map showing the boundaries of Egypt accompanied the firman granting Mehemet Ali the pashalik, a duplicate copy being retained by the Porte.

From Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 1 "Edwardes" to "Ehrenbreitstein" by Various

The firman was undoubtedly illegal, as it violated a convention possessing a quasi-international sanction, but the Christians were unable to resist, and the powers abstained from intervention.

From Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" by Various

Her appeal, 130 however, to the Porte procured the withdrawal of the firman, and saved her gardens from the destruction which a want of irrigation would soon have produced.

From Lives of Celebrated Women by Goodrich, Samuel G. (Samuel Griswold)

The success of the British arms in Egypt having made the disposition of the Porte favourable to the British Ambassador, a firman was obtained which sanctioned the removal of the sculptures.

From A Catalogue of Sculpture in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, Volume I (of 2) by Smith, A. H.

In April, 1845, he left Zanzibar, furnished with a firman from Sultan Said to the principal chiefs of the tribes of the interior, though in reality they enjoyed the most complete independence.

From The Progress of Ethnology An Account of Recent Archaeological, Philological and Geographical Researches in Various Parts of the Globe by Bartlett, John Russell

“The Sultans’ firmans we saw in the tower … and the Ottoman state’s court decisions show that the monks’ small democracy was able to gain the respect of all conquering powers,” Nikopoulos said.

From Seattle Times ● Oct. 21, 2022

These include highly ornate Sultans’ firmans — or decrees — deeds of ownership and court decisions.

From Seattle Times ● Oct. 21, 2022

Of course they had also the needful firmans, passports, and letters of introduction.

From History Of The Missions Of The American Board Of Commissioners For Foreign Missions To The Oriental Churches, Volume I. by Anderson, Rufus

During the month of Ramazan, no firmans are given, and as at this time there are few travellers in Constantinople, we should otherwise have been subjected to a heavy expense.

From The Lands of the Saracen Pictures of Palestine, Asia Minor, Sicily, and Spain by Taylor, Bayard

Excavation is the exclusive privilege of the Museums, but firmans may be obtained by scientific societies and specialists.

From How to Observe in Archaeology by Various