arbitrary

American  

[ahr-bi-trer-ee] / ˈɑr bɪˌtrɛr i /

adjective

1. subject to individual will or judgment without restriction; contingent solely upon one's discretion.

   an arbitrary decision.

2. decided by a judge or arbiter rather than by a law or statute.

3. having unlimited power; uncontrolled or unrestricted by law; despotic; tyrannical.

   an arbitrary government.

4. based on whim or personal preference, without reason or pattern; random.

   This is an unusual encyclopedia, arranged by topics in a more or less arbitrary order.

5. Mathematics. undetermined; not assigned a specific value.

   an arbitrary constant.

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noun

arbitraries plural

1. Printing. arbitraries, (in Britain) peculiar.

arbitrary British  

/ ˈɑːbɪtrərɪ /

adjective

1. founded on or subject to personal whims, prejudices, etc; capricious

2. having only relative application or relevance; not absolute

3. (of a government, ruler, etc) despotic or dictatorial

4. maths not representing any specific value

   an arbitrary constant

5. law (esp of a penalty or punishment) not laid down by statute; within the court's discretion

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Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• arbitrariness
  noun
• nonarbitrary
  adjective
• unarbitrary
  adjective
• arbitrarily
  adverb

Inflected Forms

Nouns

• arbitraries
  plural

Etymology

Origin of arbitrary

First recorded in 1400–50; late Middle English, from Latin arbitrārius “uncertain” (i.e., depending on an arbiter's decision); see origin at arbiter, -ary

Explanation

Something that's arbitrary seems like it's chosen at random instead of following a consistent rule. Team members would dislike their coach using a totally arbitrary method to pick starting players. Even though arbitrary comes from a word meaning "judge" (arbiter), that doesn't mean judges are always fair. Calling a decision-maker arbitrary is usually a negative thing, suggesting the person is making rules based on whim rather than justice. A coach who selects starting players arbitrarily isn't strictly applying a rule; he could just be picking names out of a hat.

Example Sentences

See Examples For:

arbitrary arbitraries

My goal is to retire — or at least significantly cut back — by age 60 or 62, with a somewhat arbitrary target of $5 million in retirement savings.

From MarketWatch ● Jul. 21, 2026

"We could have picked some more arbitrary target," Stoudenmire says.

From Science Daily ● Jul. 20, 2026

The checks and balances the founders embedded in American democracy protected workers, investors and entrepreneurs from arbitrary rule.

From The Wall Street Journal ● Jul. 4, 2026

And those arbitrary restrictions — they’re OK 24 hours before a match, but not 48? — have put Team Melli at a competitive disadvantage.

From Los Angeles Times ● Jun. 22, 2026

At first it seems arbitrary, then I see a pattern, like an intricate maze, appearing in the moonlight on Beetee’s side.

From "Catching Fire" by Suzanne Collins

Some contained codes, devised by Anson Stager, general manager of U.S. military telegraphs, that inserted decoy words or arbitraries into messages that were unscrambled with cipher charts.

From Los Angeles Times ● Aug. 19, 2016

Related Words

• capricious
• discretionary
• erratic
• frivolous
• inconsistent
• irrational
• irresponsible
• random
• subjective
• unreasonable
• willful