decay
Americanverb (used without object)
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decays,
present (3rd person singular)
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decayed,
past participle, past
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decaying
present participle
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to become decomposed; rot.
vegetation that was decaying.
- Synonyms:
- putrefy, wither, degenerate
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to decline in excellence, prosperity, health, etc.; deteriorate.
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Physics. (of a radioactive nucleus) to change spontaneously into one or more different nuclei in a process in which atomic particles, as alpha particles, are emitted from the nucleus, electrons are captured or lost, or fission takes place.
verb (used with object)
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decays,
present (3rd person singular)
-
decayed,
past participle, past
-
decaying
present participle
noun
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Decay made the wood unsuitable for use.
- Synonyms:
- putrefaction
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a gradual falling into an inferior condition; progressive decline.
the decay of international relations; the decay of the Aztec civilizations.
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decline in or loss of strength, health, intellect, etc..
His mental decay is distressing.
- Synonyms:
- degeneration, dilapidation, impairment, decadence, deterioration
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Physics. radioactive decay.
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Aerospace. the progressive, accelerating reduction in orbital parameters, particularly apogee and perigee, of a spacecraft due to atmospheric drag.
verb
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to decline or cause to decline gradually in health, prosperity, excellence, etc; deteriorate; waste away
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to rot or cause to rot as a result of bacterial, fungal, or chemical action; decompose
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Also: disintegrate. (intr) physics
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(of an atomic nucleus) to undergo radioactive disintegration
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(of an elementary particle) to transform into two or more different elementary particles
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(intr) physics (of a stored charge, magnetic flux, etc) to decrease gradually when the source of energy has been removed
noun
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the process of decline, as in health, mentality, beauty, etc
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the state brought about by this process
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decomposition, as of vegetable matter
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rotten or decayed matter
the dentist drilled out the decay
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physics
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a spontaneous transformation of an elementary particle into two or more different particles
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of an excited atom or molecule, losing energy by the spontaneous emission of photons
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physics a gradual decrease of a stored charge, magnetic flux, current, etc, when the source of energy has been removed See also time constant
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music the fading away of a note
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The breaking down or rotting of organic matter through the action of bacteria, fungi, or other organisms; decomposition.
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The spontaneous transformation of a relatively unstable particle into a set of new particles. For example, a pion decays spontaneously into a muon and an antineutrino. The decay of heavy or unstable atomic nuclei (such as uranium or carbon-10) into more stable nuclei and emitted particles is called radioactive decay. The study of particle decay is fundamental to subatomic physics.
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See more at fundamental force radioactive decay
Synonym Usage
Decay, decompose, disintegrate, rot imply a deterioration or falling away from a sound condition. Decay implies either entire or partial deterioration by progressive natural changes: Teeth decay. Decompose suggests the reducing of a substance to its component elements: Moisture makes some chemical compounds decompose. Disintegrate emphasizes the breaking up, going to pieces, or wearing away of anything, so that its original wholeness is impaired: Rocks disintegrate. Rot is a stronger word than decay and is especially applied to decaying vegetable matter, which may or may not emit offensive odors: Potatoes rot.
Other Word Forms
Derived Forms
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semidecaynoun
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redecayverb
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decayableadjective
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decayednessadjective
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decaylessadjective
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nondecayedadjective
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nondecayingadjective
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semidecayedadjective
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undecayableadjective
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undecayedadjective
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undecayingadjective
Inflected Forms
Participles
Conjugated Forms
Present
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decaysimple
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decayssimple
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have decayedperfect
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has decayedperfect
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am decayingprogressive
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are decayingprogressive
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is decayingprogressive
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have been decayingperfect progressive
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has been decayingperfect progressive
Past
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decayedsimple
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had decayedperfect
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was decayingprogressive
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were decayingprogressive
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had been decayingperfect progressive
Future
Etymology
Origin of decay
First recorded in 1425–75; late Middle English verb decayen, decaien, from Old North French decair, equivalent to de- “down” + cair “to fall,” from unattested Vulgar Latin cadēre, for Latin cadere; noun derivative of the verb; see de-.
Explanation
To decay means to rot, decompose, break down. Our bodies—anything organic—will decay after death. Broken sidewalks, potholes, graffiti are all signs of urban decay. Tooth decay is something to avoid. Decay can also mean decline. Anyone, even a great athlete, must exercise regularly to maintain muscle tone—as soon as you stop, the muscles begin to decay. If the strength of the cable signal coming into your house grows weaker over time, you can complain that it has decayed.
Vocabulary lists containing decay
Earth Science - Middle School
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Rocks and Minerals - Introductory
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Earth Science: Natural Resources and the Environment
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Example Sentences
Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com.
See Examples For:
The long-term nature of the leverage will also spare traders from the intense volatility decay experienced from holding leveraged ETFs that see big price swings and that reset daily.
From MarketWatch ● Oct. 10, 2026
Fulton Sheen likewise fiercely denounced communism and Nazism, as well as the cultural decay he believed left the West vulnerable to tyranny.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Oct. 5, 2026
The decay just hasn’t made itself known yet.
From Salon ● Oct. 2, 2026
His photographs capture not only the movie houses but their ornate facades and decay -- a record of a cultural landscape disappearing as cinemas are demolished, converted into multiplexes or left to crumble.
From Barron's ● Sep. 27, 2026
There was no up or down in a finite but expanding universe in which even the vast, burning, dazzling, majestic sun was in a state of progressive decay that would eventually destroy the earth too.
From "Catch-22" by Joseph Heller
Sphagnum moss can hold 20 times its weight in water and helps create peat bogs, where dead vegetation accumulates rather than decays, capturing carbon in the ground.
From BBC ● Feb. 8, 2026
It contains radium that decays into radon gas, which is radioactive and can cause cancer.
From Barron's ● Oct. 10, 2025
Keeping the truth from someone might not be outright dishonesty, but it’s a rot that decays the same way, just festering at a slower pace.
From Salon ● Apr. 18, 2025
When the algae decays, it consumes oxygen, making the lake hypoxic — a dead zone without oxygen to support marine life.
From Los Angeles Times ● Aug. 6, 2024
“His body decays in the marble tomb in the grounds of this castle, I have seen it, Potter, and he will not return!”
From "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows" by J.K. Rowling
Yet, despite this surge of security personnel, basic living conditions have only decayed.
From Slate ● Aug. 11, 2026
The silver permanently turns the decayed part of the tooth dark.
From Science Daily ● Jul. 29, 2026
The decayed plant turns black and is caught in a sieve, allowing the seeds to fall to the bottom of the catching tub.
From BBC ● Jul. 20, 2026
“Remote and hybrid work used to be a privilege, but its benefits over in-person work have decayed across the board,” Chris Martin, senior economist at Glassdoor, told MarketWatch.
From MarketWatch ● Jun. 27, 2026
‘Ah, what elegance! What aristocratic distinction! Can that really be decayed cat that I smell? With a delicate overtone of rotten camel! Ah, the gorgeous East!”
From "Watership Down: A Novel" by Richard Adams
"After the 1983 FA Cup final, players were sold, there was no investment, the Goldstone was decaying and the crowds were dipping," said Samrah.
From BBC ● Sep. 19, 2026
They probably fed on humus, decaying plant material, and fungal spores.
From Science Daily ● Aug. 27, 2026
From Boyle Heights to Monterey Park, residents said they were overwhelmed by the smoke from the week-long fire, and then tormented by the horrible stench from decaying meat and seafood.
From Los Angeles Times ● Aug. 6, 2026
When the local economy began declining in the 1970s, the store closed its doors and sat abandoned and decaying.
From The Wall Street Journal ● Aug. 4, 2026
I’m looking for anything to prove that when I drop dead there’s a chance I’ll be doing something a little more exciting than decaying.
From "The Pigman" by Paul Zindel
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