retrovirus
[ re-truh-vahy-ruh s, re-truh-vahy- ]
/ ˌrɛ trəˈvaɪ rəs, ˈrɛ trəˌvaɪ- /
|
noun, plural ret·ro·vi·rus·es.
any of a family of single-stranded RNA viruses having a helical envelope and containing an enzyme that allows for a reversal of genetic transcription, from RNA to DNA rather than the usual DNA to RNA, the newly transcribed viral DNA being incorporated into the host cell's DNA strand for the production of new RNA retroviruses: the family includes the AIDS virus and certain oncogene-carrying viruses implicated in various cancers.
Nearby words
retroverse, retroversioflexion, retroversion, retrovir, retroviridae, retrovirus, retrude, retrusion, retrusive, retrusive occlusion, retry
Related formsret·ro·vi·ral, adjective
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2019
Examples from the Web for retrovirus
He was part of the groundbreaking team that first discovered a retrovirus causes AIDS.
Instead of using a retrovirus (as Japanese scientists had done) that can cause cancer, they are using an adenovirus which is safe.
British Dictionary definitions for retrovirus
retrovirus
/ (ˈrɛtrəʊˌvaɪrəs) /
noun
any of several viruses whose genetic specification is encoded in RNA rather than DNA and that are able to reverse the normal flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA by transcribing RNA into DNA: many retroviruses are known to cause cancer in animals
Derived Formsretroviral, adjective
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
Word Origin and History for retrovirus
retrovirus
1977, earlier retravirus (1974), from re(verse) tra(nscriptase) + virus. So called because it contains reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that uses RNA instead of DNA to encode genetic information, which reverses the usual pattern. Remodeled by influence of retro- "backwards."
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Medicine definitions for retrovirus
retrovirus
[ rĕt′rō-vī′rəs, rĕt′rə-vī′- ]
n. pl. ret•ro•vi•rus•es
A virus of the family Retroviridae.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Science definitions for retrovirus
retrovirus
[ rĕt′rō-vī′rəs ]
Any of a group of RNA viruses whose RNA is used as a template inside a host cell for the formation of DNA by means of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The DNA thus formed is inserted into the host cell's genome. Most retroviruses can cause cancer. Retroviruses also include HIV.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2011. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Culture definitions for retrovirus
retrovirus
A virus, such as HIV, whose RNA codes for DNA, which is then inserted into some part of the host's DNA. This virus comes with its own special enzyme, called reverse transcriptase, which facilitates this insertion.
The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.