summer

¹ American  

[suhm-er] / ˈsʌm ər /

noun

1. the season between spring and autumn, in the Northern Hemisphere from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox, and in the Southern Hemisphere from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox.

2. the period comprising the months of June, July, and August in the United States, and from the middle of May to the middle of August in Great Britain.

3. a period of hot, usually sunny weather.

   We had no real summer last year.

4. the hotter half of the year (opposed to winter).

   They spend the summers in New Hampshire and the winters in Florida.

5. the period of finest development, perfection, or beauty previous to any decline.

   the summer of life.

6. a whole year as represented by this season.

   a girl of fifteen summers.

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adjective

1. of, relating to, or characteristic of summer.

   Iced tea is a summer drink.

2. appropriate for or done during the summer.

   summer clothes;

   summer sports.

3. having the weather or warmth of summer.

   summer days in late October.

verb (used without object)

summers, present (3rd person singular) summered, past participle, past summering present participle

1. to spend or pass the summer.

   They summered in Maine.

verb (used with object)

summers, present (3rd person singular) summered, past participle, past summering present participle

1. to keep, feed, or manage during the summer.

   Sheep are summered in high pastures.

2. to make summerlike.

summer ² American  

[suhm-er] / ˈsʌm ər /

Obsolete, somer

noun

1. a principal beam or girder, as one running between girts to support joists.

2. a stone laid upon a pier, column, or wall, from which one or more arches spring: usually molded or otherwise treated like the arch or arches springing from it.

3. a beam or lintel.

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summer ¹ British  

/ ˈsʌmə /

noun

1. (sometimes capital)

   1. the warmest season of the year, between spring and autumn, astronomically from the June solstice to the September equinox in the N hemisphere and at the opposite time of year in the S hemisphere

   2. ( as modifier )

      summer flowers

      a summer dress

2. the period of hot weather associated with the summer

3. a time of blossoming, greatest happiness, etc

4. poetic a year represented by this season

   a child of nine summers

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verb

1. (intr) to spend the summer (at a place)

2. (tr) to keep or feed (farm animals) during the summer

   they summered their cattle on the mountain slopes

summer ² British  

/ ˈsʌmə /

noun

1. Also called: summer tree.  a large horizontal beam or girder, esp one that supports floor joists

2. another name for lintel

3. a stone on the top of a column, pier, or wall that supports an arch or lintel

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Other Word Forms

Derived Forms

• summeriness
  noun
• summer-like
  adjective
• summerless
  adjective
• summerly
  adjective
• summery
  adjective

Inflected Forms

Participles

• summering
  present
• summered
  past

Conjugated Forms

Present

• summer
  simple
• summers
  simple
• have summered
  perfect
• has summered
  perfect
• are summering
  progressive
• am summering
  progressive
• is summering
  progressive
• have been summering
  perfect progressive
• has been summering
  perfect progressive

Past

• summered
  simple
• had summered
  perfect
• was summering
  progressive
• were summering
  progressive
• had been summering
  perfect progressive

Future

• will summer
  simple
• will have summered
  perfect
• will be summering
  progressive
• will have been summering
  perfect progressive

Etymology

Origin of summer¹

First recorded before 900; Middle English somer, Old English sumor; cognate with Dutch zomer, German Sommer, Old Norse sumar “summer”; akin to Sanskrit sámā “season, half-year, year,” Old Irish sam-, Old Welsh ham, Welsh haf “summer”

Origin of summer²

First recorded in 1275–1325; Middle English somer, from Anglo-French; Old French somier “packhorse, beam,” from unattested Vulgar Latin saumārius, equivalent to Latin sagm(a) “packsaddle” (from Greek ságma ) + -ārius noun suffix; see -ary, -er ²

Explanation

Summer is the season after spring and before autumn. In the summer, the weather is warmer and many students get a break from school. If you live in the Northern Hemisphere, summer lasts from June to September, and if you travel in December to Australia or somewhere else in the Southern Hemisphere, you'll get to experience summer all over again. When fancy people talk about what they do during the summer, they may use it as a verb: "Oh, we summer in Maine."

Example Sentences

The Empire State VII is on its Summer Sea Term training program which has also included a call to Malaga in Spain.

From BBC • Jun. 15, 2026

The Games in Los Angeles are expected to draw massive crowds and will be the first Summer Olympics held in the United States since Atlanta hosted in 1996.

From Los Angeles Times • Jun. 12, 2026

“The Summer Swoon has arrived, which means volatility will be with us for the near-term,” said Nancy Tengler, CEO of Laffer Tengler Investments.

From Barron's • Jun. 10, 2026

Two megaevents—the World Cup and the 2028 Summer Olympics—are giving unions in Los Angeles leverage to try to negotiate lucrative deals for workers.

From The Wall Street Journal • Jun. 9, 2026

The young squirrel suddenly began to relate the saga of the Late Rose Summer Wars to the baby mouse.

From "Redwall" by Brian Jacques

Related Words

• summertime
• vacation