without

[with-out, with-]

preposition

1. with the absence, omission, or avoidance of; not with; with no or none of; lacking.

   without help; without shoes; without her helping me; without him to help.

2. free from; excluding.

   a world without hunger.

3. not accompanied by.

   Don't go without me.

4. at, on, or to the outside of; outside of.

   both within and without the house or the city.

5. beyond the compass, limits, range, or scope of (now used chiefly in opposition towithin ).

   whether within or without the law.

adverb

1. in or into an exterior or outer place; outside.

2. outside a house, building, etc..

   The carriage awaits without.

3. lacking something implied or understood.

   We must take this or go without.

4. as regards the outside; externally.

noun

1. the outside of a place, region, area, room, etc.

conjunction

1. Midland and Southern U.S.,  unless.

without

/ wɪˈðaʊt /

preposition

1. not having

   a traveller without much money

2. not accompanied by

   he came without his wife

3. not making use of

   it is not easy to undo screws without a screwdriver

4. (foll by a verbal noun or noun phrase) not, while not, or after not

   she can sing for two minutes without drawing breath

5. archaic,  on the outside of

adverb

1. formal,  outside; outwardly

conjunction

1. not_standard,  unless

   don't come without you have some money

Word History and Origins

Origin of without¹

First recorded before 900; Middle English withouten, Old English withūtan (adverb and preposition); equivalent to with + out

Idioms and Phrases

• absent without leave
• do without
• get along without
• go without saying
• no smoke without fire

Example Sentences

“At the same time, employees in virtually every department continue to absorb expanded responsibilities and workloads, often without additional compensation, due to high turnover, limited resources, and positions that have been vacated or frozen.”

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Chancellor Rachel Reeves has admitted breaking housing rules by unlawfully renting out her family home without a licence.

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He says even the best models pick more slowly than people, have trouble dropping apples into bins without bruising them, and struggle to clip the stems, which can become a problem when they harden, stabbing other apples.

Read more on The Wall Street Journal

“On March 19, we stated that we will not accept significant changes to our warfighting structure that are made without a rigorous interagency process, coordination with combatant commanders and the Joint Staff, and collaboration with Congress,” they said in a statement.

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It’s hard to imagine that “Slacker,” a format-breaking youth riot shot without permits on the streets of Austin, could have summoned the audacity to exist if Linklater hadn’t seen Godard’s similarly semi-improvised crime romance “Breathless,” shot without permits on the streets of Paris in 1959.

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