affect

¹

[uh-fekt, af-ekt]

verb (used with object)

1. to act on; produce an effect or change in.

   Cold weather affected the crops.

   Synonyms: alter, modify, sway, influence

2. to impress the mind or move the feelings of.

   The music affected him deeply.

   Synonyms: stir, touch

3. (of pain, disease, etc.) to attack or lay hold of.

noun

1. Psychology.,  feeling or emotion.

2. Psychiatry.,  an expressed or observed emotional response.

   Restricted, flat, or blunted affect may be a symptom of mental illness, especially schizophrenia.

3. Obsolete.,  affection; passion; sensation; inclination; inward disposition or feeling.

affect

²

[uh-fekt]

verb (used with object)

1. to give the appearance of; pretend or feign.

   to affect knowledge of the situation.

2. to assume artificially, pretentiously, or for effect.

   to affect a Southern accent.

3. to use, wear, or adopt by preference; choose; prefer.

   the peculiar costume he affected.

4. to assume the character or attitude of.

   to affect the freethinker.

5. (of things) to tend toward habitually or naturally.

   a substance that affects colloidal form.

6. (of animals and plants) to occupy or inhabit; live in or on.

   Lions affect Africa. Moss affects the northern slopes.

7. Archaic.

   1. to have affection for; fancy.

   2. to aim at; aspire to.

verb (used without object)

1. Obsolete.,  to incline, tend, or favor (usually followed byto ).

   He affects to the old ways.

affect

¹

/ əˈfɛkt /

verb

1. to put on an appearance or show of; make a pretence of

   to affect ignorance

2. to imitate or assume, esp pretentiously

   to affect an accent

3. to have or use by preference

   she always affects funereal clothing

4. to adopt the character, manner, etc, of

   he was always affecting the politician

5. (of plants or animals) to live or grow in

   penguins affect an arctic climate

6. to incline naturally or habitually towards

   falling drops of liquid affect roundness

affect

²

verb

1. to act upon or influence, esp in an adverse way

   damp affected the sparking plugs

2. to move or disturb emotionally or mentally

   her death affected him greatly

3. (of pain, disease, etc) to attack

noun

1. psychol the emotion associated with an idea or set of ideas See also affection

Confusables Note

Affect1 and effect, each both noun and verb, share the sense of “influence,” and because of their similarity in pronunciation are sometimes confused in writing. As a verb affect1 means “to act on” or “to move” ( His words affected the crowd so deeply that many wept ); affect2 means “to pretend” or “to assume” ( new students affecting a nonchalance they didn't feel ). The verb effect means “to bring about, accomplish”: Her administration effected radical changes. The noun effect means “result, consequence”: the serious effects of the oil spill. The noun affect1 pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, is a technical term in psychology and psychiatry. Affect2 is not used as a noun.

See affect ¹.

Other Word Forms

• affectable adjective
• affectability noun
• affecter noun

Word History and Origins

Origin of affect¹

First recorded in 1350–1400; Middle English, from Latin affectus “acted upon, subjected to; mental or emotional state” (past participle and action noun of afficere ), equivalent to af- “toward” + fec- (combining form of facere “to make, do”) + -tus action noun suffix or -tus past participle suffix; af-

Origin of affect²

First recorded in 1400–50; late Middle English, from Middle French affecter, from Latin affectāre “to strive after, feign” (frequentative of afficere “to do to”), equivalent to af- af- + fec- ( affect ¹ ) + -tāre frequentative suffix

Word History and Origins

Origin of affect¹

C15: from Latin affectāre to strive after, pretend to have; related to afficere to _affect ¹

Origin of affect²

C17: from Latin affectus, past participle of afficere to act upon, from ad- to + facere to do

Synonym Study

See pretend.

Example Sentences

Governments, industries, and communities, she added, must now include these accelerating Antarctic changes in their planning for climate adaptation, especially in regions like Australia that will be directly affected.

Read more on Science Daily

Byrd told reporters on the scene that no other structures in the area were affected by the fire.

Read more on Los Angeles Times

“It’s important to me. I’m going to bury my sister and I need to get over there. So I hope that it does not affect my flight.”

Read more on Salon

The Emergency Response Rooms have been hailed as a model for UN-led reforms that emphasise shifting power and resources closer to the people most affected by crises.

Read more on BBC

"Although this mutation is found in every cell in the body, it seems to primarily affect motor neurons," Ding explained.

Read more on Science Daily

Related Words

• alter 
• change 
• disturb 
• influence 
• interest 
• involve 
• touch 
• upset 

When To Use

What's the difference between affect and effect?

Affect is most commonly used as a verb meaning to act on or produce a change in someone or something. Effect is most commonly used as a noun meaning a result or consequence.Remembering the difference between the words can be especially hard because these senses of the words have just about the same pronunciation. Complicating things further is the fact that affect can also be used as a noun (referring to a state of emotion, as in He had a sad affect) and effect can also be used as a verb (meaning to make happen, as in We can only effect change by taking action). However, these senses of the words are much less commonly used.You can remember that affect is most commonly used as a verb because it begins with a, for action.You can also remember how affect and effect are most commonly used by using the acronym RAVEN:R = RememberA = Affect is aV = VerbE = Effect is aN = NounHere’s an example of affect and effect used correctly in the same sentence.Example: It’s unclear what immediate effects the new law will have or how it will affect future generations.Want to learn more? Read the full breakdown of the difference between affect and effect.